Prompt engineering guide

AI Image Prompt Tips

Updated 26 March 2026

How to write prompts that get consistently better results from any AI image generator. These principles apply across all major tools.

Anatomy of an effective prompt

Every strong AI image prompt contains some combination of these six elements. You do not need all six every time, but knowing each one helps you fill in the gaps when results are not what you expected.

ElementWhat it doesWeakStrong
SubjectWho or what the image is about. Be specific.a doga golden retriever puppy sitting on grass
StyleThe visual style or medium. References work well.artisticoil painting, impressionist, loose brushwork
LightingThe quality and direction of light in the scene.nice lightinggolden hour, soft side lighting, long shadows
CompositionFraming, angle, and distance from the subject.a photoclose-up portrait, shallow depth of field, rule of thirds
MoodThe emotional tone or atmosphere of the image.good vibesserene, tranquil, contemplative, soft colour palette
Quality modifiersTechnical descriptors that improve output quality.(none)highly detailed, 8K, sharp focus, award-winning photography

7 tips for better AI image prompts

1

Be specific, not vague

The more specific your prompt, the more predictable and accurate the output. Compare 'a city at night' with 'a rain-soaked street in Tokyo at midnight, neon signs reflected in puddles, cinematic lighting, wide angle'. The second prompt constrains the model to a much narrower range of outputs, which is what you want when you have a clear vision.

2

Use comma-separated descriptors

Most generators interpret prompts as a weighted list of attributes. Separate distinct ideas with commas. Each clause adds weight to that concept. Place your most important attributes early in the prompt as many models weight earlier tokens more heavily.

Example

minimalist product shot, white background, soft shadows, 3/4 angle, ecommerce photography, studio lighting

3

Reference styles and movements

Referencing known artistic styles, movements, or visual approaches gives the model precise style guidance. Terms like impressionist, brutalist, art deco, vaporwave, or low poly activate style knowledge baked into the model during training. You can combine multiple style references for hybrid results.

Example

art deco poster design, bold geometric shapes, limited colour palette, vintage travel aesthetic

4

Describe the camera, not just the scene

For photorealistic images, describe it as if you were a photographer setting up a shot. Lens type, focal length, aperture, and shooting conditions all help the model produce convincing photography-like results. This is more effective than simply writing 'photorealistic'.

Example

85mm portrait lens, f/1.8 aperture, bokeh background, studio headshot, professional photography

5

Use negative prompts to exclude unwanted elements

Many generators support negative prompts where you list things you do not want in the image. This is especially useful for removing common artefacts like extra fingers, blurry areas, watermarks, text, or specific unwanted styles. Not all tools expose negative prompts in their interface; check the documentation for your chosen generator.

Example

Negative: blurry, low quality, extra limbs, watermark, text, oversaturated

6

Iterate in small steps

Start with a broad prompt, see what you get, then refine specific elements. Changing too many things at once makes it hard to know what caused an improvement. Fix one element per iteration. Most generators are fast enough that you can run 5 to 10 iterations in under a minute, so use this to your advantage.

7

Match prompt structure to your use case

Product photography prompts focus on setting, lighting, and angle. Portrait prompts focus on emotion, expression, and background separation. Landscape prompts focus on time of day, weather, and atmosphere. Building a library of prompt structures for your recurring use cases dramatically speeds up your workflow.

Common prompting mistakes

Mistake

Using adjectives without context

Fix

Instead of 'beautiful', describe what makes it beautiful: 'warm golden tones, symmetrical composition, soft natural light'.

Mistake

Conflicting style instructions

Fix

Asking for 'photorealistic anime portrait' gives the model conflicting instructions. Pick one style anchor and use it consistently.

Mistake

Forgetting background and environment

Fix

If you only describe the subject, the model fills the background arbitrarily. Always specify background: 'white studio background', 'blurred city street', 'forest clearing'.

Mistake

Using brand or person names

Fix

Most generators will not reproduce protected brand styles or real individuals. Use style descriptors instead of names for more reliable results.

Mistake

Too long and unfocused

Fix

Prompts over 80 words often confuse the model. Prioritise your top 5 to 8 attributes. Remove anything that is not load-bearing for the image you want.

Quick reference prompt templates

Product photography

[product], [colour/material], white studio background, soft diffused lighting, 3/4 angle, professional ecommerce photography, sharp focus, 4K

Social media graphic

[subject], [mood/theme], bold colours, flat design, minimal, clean composition, [platform] format, digital illustration

Portrait headshot

professional portrait, [gender/description], neutral background, studio lighting, 85mm lens, shallow depth of field, sharp focus, high resolution

Landscape / environment

[location], [time of day], [weather], cinematic wide angle, dramatic lighting, detailed, photorealistic, 8K, award-winning landscape photography

Logo / icon concept

minimal logo design, [concept/theme], flat vector style, [colour palette], clean lines, white background, scalable, professional

Abstract background

abstract [colour] gradient, flowing organic shapes, [style: geometric/fluid/fractured], high quality texture, desktop wallpaper, 4K, seamless

Replace bracketed placeholders with your specific details. Prompts are starting points. Iterate and refine based on initial results. Different generators respond differently to the same prompt, so test across a few tools before committing to one.